Torque ripple and mass minimization of a 20-MW direct drive offshore wind generator

https://doi.org/10.31130/ud-jst.2022.318E

Abstract: 144 | PDF: 180

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Author

  • Hoang Trung Kien
    University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
    Nguyen Thi Khanh Huyen
    University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

Keywords:

offshore wind
optimization
permanent magnet wind generator
torque ripple

Abstract

This article investigates the structural optimization of a 20-MW offshore wind generator to minimize the torque ripple and mass. The surface-mounted permanent magnet topology will be chosen for the generator. In addition, the double-layer armature winding configuration will be utilized. The direct-drive technology will be adopted to increase the reliability of the offshore wind energy conversion system. The multi-objective optimization of the generator is carried out based on the particle swarm algorithm. Results show that the torque ripple of the optimal model is significantly reduced to as much as 0.41% at full-load conditions making the configuration suitable for the high-power offshore wind generator.

References

    [1] GWEC, “Global wind report 2021” Global Wind Energy Council, Tech. Rep., 2021.
    [2] A. M. van Kuik, “Long-term research challenges in wind energy - a research agenda by the European Academy of wind energy”, Wind Energy, 2016.
    [3] Stuebig, A. Seibel, K. Schleicher, L. Haberjan, M. Kloepzig, and B. Ponick, “Electromagnetic design of a 10 MW permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine application”, in 2015 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2015, pp. 1202–1208.
    [4] Liu, H. Polinder, A. B. Abrahamsen, and J. A. Ferreira, “Comparison of 10 MW superconducting generator topologies for direct-drive wind turbines”, in 2015 IEEE International Electric Machines Drives Conference (IEMDC), May 2015, pp. 174–180.
    [5] Shafiee, F. Brennan, and I. A. Espinosa, “A parametric whole life cost model for offshore wind farms”, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 21, 2016, pp. 961–975.
    [6] K. Moghadam and A. R. Nejad, “Evaluation of PMSG-based drivetrain technologies for 10 MW floating offshore wind turbines: Pros and cons in a life cycle perspective”, Wind Energy, 2020.
    [7] B. K. Fisch and M. L. Heldwein, “10-MW direct-drive PMSG-based wind energy conversion system model”, in 2020 IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2020, pp. 1–8.
    [8] Yasa and E. Mese, “Design and analysis of generator and converters for outer rotor direct drive gearless small-scale wind turbines”, in 2014 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application (ICRERA), 2014, pp. 689–694.
    [9] Q. Chu and Z. Q. Zhu, “Investigation of torque ripples in permanent magnet synchronous machines with skewing”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 1211–1220, 2013.
    [10] Y.Xia, J.E.Fletcher, S.J.Finney, K.H.Ahmed, and B.W.Williams, “Torque ripple analysis and reduction for wind energy conversion systems using an uncontrolled rectifier and boost converter”, IET Renewable Power Generation, 2011.
    [11] Lee, C.-G. Lee, Y.-J. Kim, and S.-Y. Jung, “Numerical design characteristics of interior permanent magnet synchronous generator for offshore wind turbines”, in 9th IET International Conference on Computation in Electromagnetics (CEM 2014), 2014, pp. 1–2.
    [12] K. K. Padinharu, G.-J. Li, Z.-Q. Zhu, R. Clark, A. S. Thomas, and Z. Azar, “System-level investigation of multi-MW direct-drive wind power pm vernier generators”, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 191 433–191 446, 2020.
    [13] Hao, W.zhong Fei, D.min Miao, M.jiaJin, and J.xinShen,“Torque characteristics in a large permanent magnet synchronous generator with stator radial ventilating air ducts”, Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, vol. 17, pp. 814–824, 2016.
    [14] -K. Hoang, L. Queval, L. Vido, and C. Berriaud, “Impact of the rotor blade technology on the levelized cost of energy of an offshore wind turbine”, in 2017 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM) & 2017 Intl Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics (ACEMP), 2017, pp. 623–629.
    [15] Rashmi, V. Ramanujan, and M. Purushotham, “Permanent magnet synchronous generator configuration in wind turbines - technological status review, survey and market trends”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, vol. 6, 2015, pp. 23 – 30.
    [16] Roshanfekr, T.Thiringer, M.Alatalo, and S.Lundmark, “Performance of two 5 MW permanent magnet wind turbine generators using surface mounted and interior mounted magnets”, in 2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines, 2012, pp. 1041–1047.
    [17] Karimi-Davijani and O. Ojo, "Optimum control of grid connected interior permanent magnet wind turbine generator," 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012, pp. 3764-3771.
    [18] Haraguchi, S. Morimoto, and M. Sanada, “Suitable design of a PMSG for a small-scale wind power generator”, in 2009 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2009, pp. 1–6.
    [19] Popescu, M. V. Cistelecan, L. Melcescu, and M. Covrig, “Low speed directly driven permanent magnet synchronous generators for wind energy applications”, in 2007 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, May 2007, pp. 784–788.
    [20] Chen, R.Qu, J.Li, and B.Zhao, “Comparison of interior and surface permanent magnet machines with fractional slot concentrated windings for direct-drive wind generators”, in 2014 17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Oct 2014, pp. 2612–2617.
    [21] McDonald and N. A. Bhuiyan, “On the optimization of generators for offshore direct drive wind turbines”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 32, no. 1, March 2017, pp. 348–358.
    [22] Frosini and M. Pastura, “Analysis and design of innovative magnetic wedges for high-efficiency permanent magnet synchronous machines”, Energies, vol. 13, no. 1, 2020, pp. 1-21.
    [23] F.Gieras, C.Wang, and J.C.Lai, Noise of Polyphase Electric Motors. Taylor & Francis CRC Press, 2005.
    [24] Herlina, R. Setiabudy, and A. Rahardjo, “Cogging torque reduction by modifying stator teeth and permanent magnet shape on a surface mounted PMSG”, in 2017 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA), 2017, pp. 227–232.
    [25] Fei and P. C.-K. Luk, “Torque ripple reduction of a direct-drive permanent-magnet synchronous machine by material-efficient axial pole pairing”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 6, 2012, pp. 2601–2611.
    [26] Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization”, in Proceedings of ICNN’95 - International Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 4, 1995, pp. 1942–1948.
    [27] Duan, R. G. Harley and T. G. Habetler, "Comparison of Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm in the design of permanent magnet motors", 2009 IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2009, pp. 822-825, doi: 10.1109/IPEMC.2009.5157497.
    [28] J. Reddy and D. N. Kumar, “Multi-objective particle swarm optimization for generating optimal trade-offs in reservoir operation”, Hydrological Processes, 2007.
    [29] Wang, D. Tan, and L. Liu, “Particle swarm optimization algorithm: an overview”, Soft computing, vol. 22, 2018, pp. 387–408.
    [30] Baumgartner, C. Magele, and W. Renhart, “Pareto optimality and particle swarm optimization”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 40, no. 2, 2004, pp. 1172–1175.
    [31] Sethuraman, M.Maness, and K.Dykes, “Optimized generator designs for the DTU 10-MW offshore wind turbine using generatorSE”, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tech. Rep., Jan. 2017.
    [32] Zhu and D. Howe, “Influence of design parameters on cogging torque in permanent magnet machines”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 407–412, 2000.
    [33] D.Wu and Z.Zhu, “Design trade-off between cogging torque and torque ripple in fractional slot surface-mounted permanent magnet machines”, in 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), 2015, pp. 1–1.
Read more

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published

Dec 31, 2022
Download
PDF
How to Cite
Hoang Trung Kien, and Nguyen Thi Khanh Huyen. “Torque Ripple and Mass Minimization of a 20-MW Direct Drive Offshore Wind Generator”. The University of Danang - Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 20, no. 12.1, Dec. 2022, pp. 41-46, doi:10.31130/ud-jst.2022.318E.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##