The study of social inclusion and gender equality on public transport satisfaction: Case of Metropolitan Jakarta
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Author
-
Alfa Adib Ash ShiddiqiSchool of Environment, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, IndonesiaDwita SutjiningsihUniversity of Indonesia, Jakarta 16424, IndonesiaTri TjahjonoUniversity of Indonesia, Jakarta 16424, IndonesiaLinda DarmajantiUniversity of Indonesia, Jakarta 16424, IndonesiaAli Aryo BawonoTechnical University of Munich Asia, Singapore 139660
Từ khóa:
Tóm tắt
Three types of mass transit services have been developed in Jakarta metropolitan area; however, it was found that the majority 80% of commuters are still using private vehicles. This paper aims to explore the reasons why most commuters are still preferring to opt using private vehicles. A total of 23 attributes concerning the quality of public transport services have been investigated by conducting surveys and collecting data. As result, even majority of users mentioned that they are satisfied with the overall quality of the mass of transit, they are still hoping for improvement in some services attributes. Also, female passengers and teenagers consider security officer presence as one of the attributes needed to be improved. To enhance social inclusion and promote gender equality, practical strategies are recommended such as discounts and improvement of feeder service, special wagon for female and youth passengers, and adjusted schedules to conform with school time.
Tài liệu tham khảo
-
[1] N. V. Mead, “The world’s worst traffic: can Jakarta find an alternative to the car?”, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/
nov/23/world-worst-traffic-jakarta-alternative, Wed 23 Nov 2016.
[2] Zhang, Y. Liu, W. Lu, and G. Xiao, “Evaluating passenger satisfaction index based on PLS-SEM model: Evidence from Chinese public transport service”, Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract., vol. 120, pp. 149–164, 2019.
[3] A. Saif, M. M. Zefreh, and A. Torok, “Public transport accessibility: A literature review”, Period. Polytech. Transp. Eng.,vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 36–43, 2019.
[4] Mouwen, “Drivers of customer satisfaction with public transport services”, Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract., vol. 78, pp. 1–20, 2015.
[5] T. Lai and C. F. Chen, “Behavioral intentions of public transit passengers-The roles of service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and involvement”, Transp. Policy, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 318–325, 2011.
[6] N. Borhan, D. Syamsunur, N. M. Akhir, M. R. M. Yazid, A. Ismail, and R. A. Rahmat, “Predicting the use of public transportation: A case study from Putrajaya, Malaysia”, Sci. World J, vol. 2014, no. 4, pp. 1–9, 2014.
[7] JUTPI, Jabodetabek urban transportation policy integration project (Jakarta),
[8] JUTPI, Jabodetabek urban transportation policy integration project (Jakarta),
[9] Badan Pusat Statistik, Statistik Komuter Jabodetabek Hasil Survei Komuter Jabodetabek, 2019.
[10] Kompas, Sepeda Motor Pilihan Utama Komuter, Feb. 04 2022 (Jakarta).
[11] Ortúzar J de D, Willumsen LG, Modelling Transport, 18 March 2011.
[12] Park and S. Chowdhury, “Investigating the barriers in a typical journey by public transport users with disabilities”, J. Transp. Heal, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 361–368, 2018.
[13] Paulley et al., “The demand for public transport: The effects of fares, quality of service, income and car ownership”, Transp. Policy, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 295–306, 2006.
[14] Eboli and G. Mazzulla, “A new customer satisfaction index for evaluating transit service quality”, J. Public Transp, vol. 12, no. 3, 2009, pp. 21–37.
[15] Oña, R. Oña, L. Eboli, and G. Mazzulla, “Index numbers for monitoring transit service quality”, Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 18–30, 2016.
[16] Ni, C. Zhang, Y. Hu, W. Lu, and H. Li, “Influence mechanism of the corporate image on passenger satisfaction with public transport in China”, Transp. Policy, vol. 94, pp. 54–65, 2020.
[17] Z. Irawan, P. F. Belgiawan, A. K. M. Tarigan, and F. Wijanarko, “To compete or not compete: exploring the relationships between motorcycle-based ride-sourcing, motorcycle taxis, and public transport in the Jakarta metropolitan area”, Transportation (Amst), vol. 47, pp. 2367–2389, 2020.
[18] Sukwadi, S. Cory, and Y. C. Liang, “The Study of Travel Satisfaction in MRT Jakarta During the Pandemic of Covid-19”, Geoj. Tour. Geosites, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 191–199, 2022.
[19] Allen, J. C. Muñoz, and J. D. Ortúzar, “Understanding public transport satisfaction: Using Maslow’s hierarchy of (transit) needs”, Transp. Policy, vol. 81, pp. 75–94, 2019.
[20] A. Nwachukwu, “Assessment of passenger satisfaction with intra-city public bus transport services in Abuja, Nigeria”, J. Public Transp, vol. 17, pp. 99–119, 2014.
[21] Joewono and H. Kubota, “User Perceptions of Private Paratransit Operation in Indonesia”, J. Public Transp, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 99–118, 2007.
[22] Aghajanzadeh, K. Aghabayk, J. Esmailpour, and C. De Gruyter, “Importance – Performance Analysis (IPA) of metro service attributes during the COVID-19 pandemic”, Case Stud. Transp. Policy, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1661-1672, 2022.
[23] Fellesson and M. Friman, “Perceived Satisfaction with Public Transport Service in Nine European Cities”, J. Transp. Research Forum, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 93-103, 2008.
[24] Sumaedi, G. Bakti, T. Rakhmawati, N. J. Astrini, T. Widianti, and M. Yarmen, “Factors influencing public transport passengers’ satisfaction: a new model”, Manag. Environ. Qual. An Int. J, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 585–597, 2016.
[25] Duleba and S. Moslem, “User satisfaction survey on public transport by a new PAHP based model”, Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 21, 10256, 2021.
[26] S. Wachyuni, “The Effects of Service Quality, Customer Perceived Value, and Customer Satisfaction Towards Customer Loyalty of Damri Tour Bus”, J. Bus. Hosp. Tour., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 285–297, 2019.
[27] Dechen, S. Sanyost, and A. M. Syah, “A Proposed Partnership Scheme of Bangkok Mass Transit System (BTS) and Mice Corporations: Passenger Satisfaction and Tourism Transport Policy Approach”, E-Journal Tourism, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 215–228, 2021.
[28] Li, Q.Y. Chen, Z. Liu, and H.C. Liu, “Public transport customer satisfaction evaluation using an extended thermodynamic method: a case study of Shanghai, China”, Soft Comput., vol. 25, no. 16, pp. 10901–10914, 2021.
[29] Cantwell, B. Caulfield, and M. O’Mahony, “Examining the Factors that Impact Public Transport Commuting Satisfaction”, J. Public Transp., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–21, 2009.
[30] Rojo, H. Gonzalo-Orden, L. dell’Olio, and A. Ibeas, “Relationship between service quality and demand for inter-urban buses”, Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract., vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 1716–1729, 2012.
[31] C. Zulham, T. R. Fathullah, A. A. Suryobuwono, and H. Sampurna, “The Effect Of Service Quality Towards Customer Satisfaction In Jakarta (Case Study: Minimum Service Standards)”, Adv. Transp. Logist. Res, vol. 2, pp. 696–701, 2019.
[32] N. H. Ibrahim and M. N. Borhan, “The Interrelationship Between Perceived Quality, Perceived Value and User Satisfaction Towards Behavioral Intention in Public Transportation: A Review of the Evidence”, Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 2048–2056, 2020.
[33] Ladhari, “A review of twenty years of SERVQUAL research”, Int. J. Qual. Serv. Sci., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 172–198, 2009.
[34] del Castillo and F. G. Benitez, “Determining a public transport satisfaction index from user surveys”, Transp. A Transp. Sci, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 713–741, 2013.
[35] Sumaedi, G. Bakti, and M. Yarmen, “The empirical study of public transport passengers’ behavioral intentions: the roles of service quality, perceived sacrifice, perceived value, and satisfaction”, Res. Cent. Qual. Syst. Test. Technol., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 83–97, 2012.
[36] Tecoalu, “The Effect of Service Quality, Promotion Strategy and Company Image on Word of Mouth in Mediation by Online Transport Customer Satisfaction Jakarta Region”, Rev. Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias, vol. 11, pp. 93–102, 2021.
[37] Supriyadi, A. S. Manggabari, and H. Nastiti, “Analisis Kepuasan Pengguna Jasa Transportasi Umum Jak Lingko di Jakarta Selatan”, Pros. BIEMA Bus. Manag. Econ. Account. Natl. Semin., vol. 1, pp. 1089–1102, 2020.
[38] Nurmahdi, “Customer satisfaction index for transport services”, Int. J. Econ. Bus. Adm., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 192–199, 2019.
[39] B. Joewono, A. Matthew, and M. Rizki, “Loyalty of paratransit users in the era of competition with ride sourcing”, Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 22, 12719, 2021.
[40] C. Adriana, M. Rizki, and T. B. Joewono, “Investigating Satisfaction and Its Determinants of BRT-Lite Services in Indonesian Cities”, J. East. Asia Soc. Transp. Stud., vol. 13, pp. 1447–1468, 2019.
[41] Sun, Y. Huang, Y. Chen, and L. Yao, “Vulnerability assessment of urban rail transit based on multi-static weighted method in Beijing, China”, Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract, vol. 108, pp. 12–24, 2018.
[42] N. H. Ibrahim, M. N. Borhan, M. H. Osman, F. H. Khairuddin, and N. M. Zakaria, “An Empirical Study of Passengers’ Perceived Satisfaction with Monorail Service Quality: Case of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia”, Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 64–96, 2022.
[43] N. H. Ibrahim, M. N. Borhan, M. H. Osman, M. R. M. Yazid, and M. Md. Rohani, “The Influence of Service Quality on User’s Perceived Satisfaction with Light Rail Transit Service in Klang Valley, Malaysia”, Mathematics, vol. 10, no. 13, 2213, 2022.
[44] P. Nguyen, “The bus transportation issue and people satisfaction with public transport in Ho Chi Minh city”, J. Mech. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 10–16, 2019.
[45] Q. Nguyen-Phuoc, A. T. P. Tran, T. V. Nguyen, P. T. Le, and D. N. Su, “Investigating the complexity of perceived service quality and perceived safety and security in building loyalty among bus passengers in Vietnam – A PLS-SEM approach”, Transp. Policy, vol. 101, pp. 162–173, 2021.
[46] N. Khuong and T. H. Hiep, “The Effects of Customer Satisfaction Through Perceived Value and Service Quality of Saigon Tourist Cable Television services, Vietnam”, Int. J. Currunt Res. Acad. Rev., vol. 2, pp. 1–17, 2014.
[47] Townsend and T. Cherry, “Assessment of potential improvements to metro-bus transfers in Bangkok, Thailand”, Transp. Res. Rec., vol. 2276, pp. 116–122, 2012.
[48] M. Noor, N. Nasrudin, and J. Foo, “Determinants of Customer Satisfaction of Service Quality: City Bus Service in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia”, Procedia - Soc. Behav. Science, vol. 153, pp. 595–605, 2014.
[49] T. Pelangi, R. Situmorang, J. C. Levara, and H. M. Taki, “Satisfaction level of intermodal public transport passengers at Duri Station, Jakarta Indonesia”, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 737, 012053. 2021.
[50] I. Rifai and F. Arifin, “Analysis of The Level of Passenger Satisfaction With Services And Transport Facilities-Based Integration in Jakarta”, J. World Conf., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 66–73, 2020.
[51] K. Nagari, S. Suryani and W. D. Pratiwi, “TOD Tourism Heritage District Livability: User Satisfaction in Kali Besar Corridor in Jakarta, Indonesia”, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 532, 012004, 2020.
[52] Isradi, N. Fahriah, D. Prilita, A. Mufhidin, W. Budi and J. Prasetijo, “Customer Satisfaction Analysis of LRT Feeder Transport: A Case Study of the Jakarta Metropolitan City”, Int. J. Eng. Nat. Sci, vol. 6, no. 01, pp. 55–61, 2020.
[53] V. K. Prabantari, “Analisis Hubungan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Pelanggan Transportasi Transjakarta”, J. Transaksi, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 25–39, 2020.
[54] Stam, N. van Oort, H. J. van Strijp-Harms, S. C. van der Spek, and S. P. Hoogendoorn, “Travellers’ preferences towards existing and emerging means of first/last mile transport: a case study for the Almere centrum railway station in the Netherlands”, Eur. Transp. Res. Rev., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2021.
[55] EEA, The first and last mile - the key to sustainable urban transport. Transport and environment report 2019, 2020.
[56] Los Angeles Metro, First last mile strategic plan, 2015.
[57] Mohiuddin, “Planning for the first and last mile: A review of practices at selected transit agencies in the united states”, Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1–19, 2021.
[58] van Lierop, M. G. Badami, and A. El-Geneidy, “What influences satisfaction and loyalty in public transport? A review of the literature”, Transp. Rev., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 52–72, 2018.
[59] Anderson, B. Condry, N. Findlay, R. Brage-Ardao, and H. Li, “Measuring and Valuing Convenience and Service Quality”, International Transport Forum, 2013.
[60] Imam, “Measuring Public Transport Satisfaction from User Surveys”, Int. J. Bus. Manag., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 106–114, 2014.
[61] Wang and Y. Liu, “Factors Influencing Public Transport Use: A Study of University Commuters’ Travel and Mode Choice Behaviours”, State Aust. Cities Conf., pp. 1–14, 2015.
[62] N. Prayudyanto and O. Z. Tamin, “Kajian Park and Ride untuk Busway Jakarta”, J. Transportasi, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 169–178, 2007.
[63] Olivková, “Model for measuring passenger satisfaction and assessing mass transit quality”, J. Public Transp., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 52–70, 2015.
[64] V. Corazza, U. Guida, A. Musso, and M. Tozzi, “A European vision for more environmentally friendly buses”, Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., vol 45, pp. 48–63, 2016.
[65] A. Tangphaisankun, F. Nakamura, and T. Okamura, “Influences of Paratransit as A Feeder of Mass Transit System in Developing Countries Based on Commuter Satisfaction”, J. East. Asia Soc. Transp. Stud., vol. 8, pp. 1341-1356, 2010.