Investigation on the components of the aerodynamic drag acting on a small-caliber bullet using numerical simulation method
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This paper analyzes the components of the aerodynamic drag of a small-caliber bullet using a numerical simulation method. The analyses are applied to the M855 bullet. The turbulence model k-ε is used. The mesh size of 2.16 million elements is applied. The simulation method has been verified by comparing the obtained results with experimental data. The wave drag accounts for the largest proportion (about 50%), the friction drag accounts for the smallest proportion (from 10% to 15%), the base drag accounts for a significant proportion (from 35% to 45%) of the total drag at Mach number from 1.47 to 2.62. Two modified M855 bullets have been studied. The obtained results showed that the variation of increasing the length of the bullet nose is the most reasonable to be adopted. The method presented in this paper can be used in the projectile design process to optimize its shape for reducing the aerodynamic drag.
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