Russia - China trade activities under western sanctions (2014–2024)
Tóm tắt: 342
|
PDF: 433
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Author
-
Nguyen Hung VuongThe University of Danang - University of Foreign Language Studies, VietnamNguyen Thi Nhat LinhThe University of Danang - University of Foreign Language Studies, Vietnam
Từ khóa:
Tóm tắt
In 2014, following Russia's annexation of Crimea, Western countries, including the United States and the European Union (EU), imposed sanctions on Russia. These measures had a strong impact on the Russian economy, especially in the financial, energy and high - tech sectors. In this context, trade relations between Russia and China have undergone significant fluctuations. This study analyzes the trends and changes in Russia - China bilateral trade under the influence of sanctions, focusing on key sectors such as energy, finance, and technology. It examines policy adjustments and adaptation measures taken by both countries, the role of domestic currencies, and provides forecasts on the challenges and prospects of China - Russia trade cooperation towards 2030.
Tài liệu tham khảo
-
[1] K. Magro, “An assessment of the EU’s restrictive measure against the Russian Federation”, Bachelor’s dissertation, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta, 2024.
[2] R. Stefanov, “Making sanctions work in the European energy sector”, Policy Brief, no. 135, pp. 2–12, 2024.
[3] European Council, “EU sanctions against Russia”, Consilium.europa.eu, January 19, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions-against-russia/ [Accessed March 06, 2025].
[4] Oxford Analytica, “Russian food embargo will keep delivering good results”, Emerald.com, December 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1108/OXAN-DB291923 [Accessed March 11, 2025].
[5] F. Vidal, “Russia's Strategic Shift in Outer Space: Adapting to geopolitical pressures and exploring new diplomatic avenues”, Routledge Handbook of Space Policy, pp. 161–162, 2025.
[6] Bank of Russia, “Financial stability report 2019”, Information and analytical review, Moscow, Russia, April 2019.
[7] U.S. Department of the Treasury, “Sanctions list against Russian individuals and entities”, State.gov, May 2, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.state.gov/division-for-counter-threat-finance-and-sanctions/ukraine-and-russia-sanctions [Accessed February 11, 2025].
[8] A. Likhacheva, “Russia and sanctions: The transformational domestic and international effects of unilateral restrictive measures”, Russian Politics, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 478–502, 2021. https://doi.org/10.30965/24518921-00604005
[9] H. Simola, “Recent trends in Russia's import substitution of technology products”, Econstor Research Archive, BOFIT Policy Brief, No. 5, pp. 3–13, 2024.
[10] M. Shugurov, “International cooperation on climate research and green technologies in the face of sanctions”, The case of Russia. Green Finance, vol. 5, no. 02, pp. 102–153, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3934/GF.2023006
[11] J. Engvall and T. Malmlöf, “Russian military capability in a ten-year perspective – 2019”, Report No. FOI-R--4758-SE, pp. 23–24, 2019.
[12] M. Lin, “The impact of technological cooperation on Russian-Chinese relations”, Право и политика, no. 10, pp. 40–58, 2024. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2024.10.71964
[13] A. Mikulska, “Gazprom and Russian natural gas policy in the first two decades of the 21st century”, Orbis, no. 64(3), 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2020.05.004
[14] L. Brodt, “The development of Arctic offshore oil and gas resources in Russia”, Arctic Yearbook, Policies and Perceptions, pp. 234–248, 2021.
[15] R. V. Gordeev and A. I. Pyzhev, “Effectiveness of the Federal 'Clean Air' Project”, Urban Science, vol. 9(1), no. 18, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9010018
[16] Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, “Sino-Russian trade maintains strong growth”, May 8, 2024. [Online]. Available: http://tradeinservices.mofcom.gov.cn/article/news/gjxw/202403/162258.html [Accessed February 11, 2025].
[17] A. Sechko, “Chinese energy security: A Russian factor”, Saint Petersburg State University Repository, November 15, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/43196/2/Sechko_A_Master_thesis.pdf [Accessed February 11, 2025].
[18] X. Furong, “Sino-Russian cooperation under US and European sanctions: Chinese car brands flood into the Russian market”, International relations, no. 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2024.2.70497
[19] A. Pakhlyan and D. Hakhverdyan, “Coordinated sanctions in the orbit of transformation of the global economy”, The approval of ASUE Scientific Council, 2024.
[20] F. Teti, “Are Western trade sanctions effective?” Russia Monitor, no. 6, September 12, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://wiiw.ac.at/p-6981.html [Accessed February 11, 2025].
[21] Vietnam News Agency, “Trade between China and Russia to hit record high in 2024”, January 23, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://lsvn.vn/thuong-mai-giua-trung-quoc-va-nga-dat-muc-cao-ky-luc-nam-2024-a152739.html [Accessed March 8, 2025].
[22] Liu Huaqin, “Sino-Russian Economic and Trade Cooperation Moving Forward”, Russian Journal, vol. 13(02), pp. 34–57, 2023.
[23] E. Jovičić and N. Jolović, “Sino-Russian economic relations amidst global uncertainties”, Harvesting the Winds of Change: China and the Global Actors, Dialogues on China, vol. 4/1, Article 9, pp. 172–190, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_dijalozi_kina.2024.4.1.ch9
[24] A. Ferrari, “Russia and China: Countering the dominance of the West”, Ledizioni LediPublishing, pp. 84, 2024. https://doi.10.14672/67059799
[25] L. Xing and Y. Wei, “Influence of global value chain evolution on China-Russian strategic cooperation”, International Relations and Foreign Policy, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 49–68, 2023. https://doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2023.7(1).49-68
[26] Compiled from the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China, “Types and Export Values of Chinese Goods to Russia”, customs.gov.cn [Online]. http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/zfxxgk/2799825/302274/302277/302276/6583832/index.html/ [Accessed March 06, 2025].
[27] Firanchuk and Knobel, “Provisional summary of Russia's foreign trade for 2024: Exports grow, imports decline”, 2025, ssrn.com [Online]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5095596 [Accessed March 06, 2025].

