Strategic competition between China and Japan (2012–2025) and implications for Vietnam
Tóm tắt: 309
| 
PDF: 325 
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Author
Từ khóa:
China
Japan
strategic competition
Vietnam
international relations
foreign policy
South China Sea
Tóm tắt
China-Japan relations constitute one of the most complex bilateral relationships in the Asia-Pacific region. The period from 2012 to 2025 marks a significant transformation from latent competition to comprehensive strategic confrontation across three domains: political-diplomatic, security-defense, and economic-technological. Employing qualitative analytical methods and a realist theoretical framework, this article elucidates the principal drivers and manifestations of competition, including the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands dispute, the arms race, and semiconductor technology rivalry. Based on this foundation, the study assesses the impact of Sino-Japanese competition on Vietnam's strategic space and proposes a "flexible hedging" orientation to safeguard national interests. Vietnam must remain steadfast in its independent and self-reliant foreign policy, diversify international relations, enhance its national defense self-reliance, and leverage ASEAN's role in regional security governance.
Tài liệu tham khảo
-
[1] N. T. Hong, “Some factors affecting current Japan–China relations,” The University of Danang – Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 77, pp. 78–81, 2014.
[2] The Diplomat, “China sets record for activity near Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands in 2024,” thediplomat.com, Jan. 2, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://thediplomat.com/2025/01/china-sets-record-for-activity-near-senkaku-diaoyu-islands-in-2024/. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[3] Center for Strategic and International Studies, “U.S.–China strategic competition and Japan’s role in 2023,” www.csis.org, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.csis.org/analysis/us-china-strategic-competition-and-japans-role-2023. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[4] H. J. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 5th ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973.
[5] K. N. Waltz, Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison–Wesley, 1979.
[6] J. J. Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001.
[7] J. H. Herz, “Idealist internationalism and the security dilemma,” World Politics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 157–180, 1950.
[8] A. F. K. Organski and J. Kugler, “The power transition: A retrospective and prospective evaluation,” in Handbook of War Studies, M. I. Midlarsky, Ed. Aldine/De Gruyter, 1980, pp. 171–194.
[9] E. Goh, “Great powers and hierarchical order in Southeast Asia: Analyzing regional security strategies,” International Security, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 113–157, 2008. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.3.113. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[10] H. Oury, Vietnam’s Indo-Pacific Strategy: In Search of a Complex Diplomatic Balance Between Major Superpowers. Sciences Po Observatory of the Indo-Pacific, Jun. 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencespo.fr/observatory-indo-pacific/files/essays/essay-h-oury.pdf. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[11] Communist Party of Vietnam, Documents of the 13th National Congress, Vol. I. Hanoi: Truth National Political Publishing House, 2021, pp. 161–164.
[12] Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, “Japan–China Summit Meeting,” mofa.go.jp, Nov. 15, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.mofa.go.jp/a_o/c_m1/cn/pageite_000001_00003.html. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[13] A. S. Erickson and A. P. Liff, “The Limits of Growth: Economic Headwinds Inform China’s Latest Military Budget,” China Real Time Report, Wall Street Journal, Mar. 5, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.andrewerickson.com/2016/03/the-limits-of-growth-economic-headwinds-inform-chinas-latest-military-budget/. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[14] Nippon, “Japan Targets 2% Defense Spending,” Nippon.com, Jun. 26, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h02457/.
[15] Mainichi, “Japan, China launch maritime-aerial communication mechanism,” mainichi.jp, Jun. 8, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180608/p2a/00m/0na/002000c. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[16] M. M. Burke and M. Higa, “Japan fighter jets scramble to intercept China aircraft,” Stars and Stripes, Oct. 20, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.stripes.com/theaters/asia_pacific/2021-10-20/japan-fighter-jets-scramble-intercept-china-aircraft-3306498.html. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[17] K. Furuya, “China’s increasing activities around the Senkaku Islands and Japan’s response,” Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Mar. 8, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.spf.org/iina/en/articles/furuya_03.html. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[18] T. Kelly, Y. Toyoda, and K. Komiya, “Pacifist Japan unveils unprecedented $320 billion military build-up,” Reuters, Dec. 16, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pacifist-japan-unveils-unprecedented-320-bln-military-build-up-2022-12-16/. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[19] The Diplomat, “Stable Instability: China–Japan Dilemmas in the Shadow of China–U.S. Rivalry,” The Diplomat, Aug. 18, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://thediplomat.com/2025/08/stable-instability-china-japan-dilemmas-in-the-shadow-of-sino-american-rivalry/. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[20] World Bank, “China Trade Summary 2014,” World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), 2014. [Online]. Available: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/CHN/Year/2014/Summarytext.
[21] R. D. Blackwill and J. M. Harris, War by Other Means: Geoeconomics and Statecraft. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.
[22] Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), “Crossroads of competition: China in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands,” www.csis.org, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.csis.org/analysis/crossroads-competition-china-southeast-asia-and-pacific-islands. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[23] A. F. K. Organski and J. Kugler, The War Ledger. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
[24] Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), “Vietnam’s strategic role in global supply chain reconfiguration,” www.cfr.org, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.cfr.org/report/vietnam-strategic-role-global-supply-chain-reconfiguration. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
[25] Newsweek, “China makes new move against US ally in disputed waters,” www.newsweek.com, May 12, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.newsweek.com/china-research-ship-japan-east-china-sea-senkaku-diaoyu-islands-dispute-2070767. [Accessed: Nov. 5, 2025].
Xem thêm
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##
Đã Xuất bản
Dec 31, 2025
Download
Cách trích dẫn
Tuan, N. K. “Strategic Competition Between China and Japan (2012–2025) and Implications for Vietnam”. Tạp Chí Khoa học Và Công nghệ Đại học Đà Nẵng, vol 23, số p.h 12, Tháng Chạp 2025, tr 89-95, doi:10.31130/ud-jst.2025.23(12).614.
