Research and application of blockchain technology to enhance transparency and security in electronic voting systems

Tóm tắt

In the context of Vietnam’s ongoing digital transformation in public governance, the development of electronic voting systems that ensure transparency, fairness, and independent verifiability has become a critical requirement. However, many existing solutions face difficulties in balancing voter anonymity with the prevention of electoral fraud. This paper proposes a decentralized, system-level voting architecture built on the Ethereum platform, in which voting rules and security mechanisms are enforced immutably through smart contracts. The proposed system employs a Commit–Reveal scheme to mitigate front-running attacks and prevent the premature disclosure of voting results; utilizes Merkle proofs to verify voter eligibility without revealing personal identities; and integrates a nullifier mechanism combined with encrypted Citizen Identification Numbers (CINs) to enforce the principle of “one citizen, one vote.” The results indicate that, the proposed model enhances transparency at the execution level and strengthens security at the architectural level for blockchain-based electronic voting systems.