Net zero motorcycle fueled with ethanol-ammonia flexible fuel

Tóm tắt

This paper presents the results of simulation and experimental research on converting an electronic fuel-injected Honda RSX motorcycle into an Ethanol-NH₃ dual-fuel motorcycle. This study investigates the influence of air-fuel equivalence ratio (f), ignition timing (φ_s), engine speed (n), and ethanol blending ratio (E0A to E100A) on the performance and emissions of a spark-ignition engine. Through simulation or experimental analysis: It was found that f ≈ 1.0 provides the optimal balance for pressure, temperature, and indicated efficiency (Wi), but also results in peak NOx emissions. Higher engine speeds reduce peak pressure, temperature, HRR, and NOx emissions due to shortened combustion time. Increasing ethanol content in the fuel improves combustion quality, increases peak pressure and temperature, reduces CO emissions, but raises NOx levels due to higher combustion temperatures. The results provide a basis for optimizing ignition timing and fuel blends for improved engine efficiency and lower emissions under various operating conditions.