Nguyên tắc không trục xuất hoặc trả về trong bối cảnh di cư do biến đổi khí hậu: tiếp cận từ luật pháp quốc tế và một số gợi mở cho Việt Nam
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Trần Thị Ngọc SươngTrường Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Đà Nẵng, Việt NamNguyễn Ngọc Nguyệt NhiTrường Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Đà Nẵng, Việt Nam
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Được hình thành trong khuôn khổ luật tị nạn, luật nhân quyền và tập quán quốc tế, nguyên tắc không trục xuất hoặc trả về (non-refoulement) là cơ chế bảo vệ tối thiểu nhằm ngăn chặn việc đưa cá nhân trở lại nơi có thể bị xâm hại nghiêm trọng các quyền cơ bản. Tuy nhiên, việc áp dụng nguyên tắc này cho những người di cư do biến đổi khí hậu (BĐKH) lại thiếu cơ sở pháp lý vững chắc, đồng thời gặp khó khăn khi xác định mối quan hệ nhân quả giữa BĐKH và mức độ đe dọa đối với các quyền con người, cũng như trong việc dung hòa nghĩa vụ nhân đạo với lợi ích quốc gia. Dù phụ thuộc vào cách diễn giải và thực tiễn áp dụng của từng quốc gia, nhưng nguyên tắc này vẫn có thể được vận dụng linh hoạt để bảo vệ những đối tượng dễ bị tổn thương do BĐKH. Điều này cho thấy cần mở rộng cách tiếp cận đối với nguyên tắc non-refoulement, đồng thời đặt ra yêu cầu cho các quốc gia như Việt Nam trong việc xây dựng định hướng áp dụng phù hợp.
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