An ninh nguồn nước tại Tiểu vùng sông Mekong mở rộng (GMS) dưới lăng kính Chủ nghĩa hiện thực
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Le Thi Phuong LoanThe University of Danang - University of Foreign Language Studies, VietnamNgo Thi My HanhThe University of Danang - University of Foreign Language Studies, Vietnam
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Tóm tắt
Nước không chỉ là nhu cầu thiết yếu cho sự sống mà đã trở thành nguồn tài nguyên chiến lược gắn với an ninh quốc gia. Nghiên cứu này xem xét vấn đề an ninh nguồn nước Tiểu vùng sông Mekong mở rộng (GMS) dưới lăng kính Chủ nghĩa hiện thực, sử dụng phương pháp phân tích-tổng hợp, so sánh, nghiên cứu trường hợp và dự báo. Nghiên cứu cho thấy hầu như các quốc gia GMS đều ưu tiên lợi ích quốc gia hơn hợp tác vì an ninh khu vực và vấn đề môi trường. Các nước thượng nguồn tận dụng lợi thế địa lý xây đập thủy điện để thu lợi kinh tế và kiểm soát dòng chảy; các nước hạ nguồn bảo vệ chủ quyền và an ninh quốc gia bằng cách tăng cường sức mạnh nội tại, áp dụng các chuẩn mực ngoại giao nguồn nước và hợp tác quốc tế. Trên cơ sở đó, bài báo đề xuất Việt Nam nâng cao năng lực “tự cứu” và đa dạng hóa đối tác, tối ưu hỗ trợ tài chính và kỹ thuật, đảm bảo đủ nguồn nước cho sản xuất và an ninh quốc gia.
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