The journal’s peer-review process is a double-blind review procedure consisting of the following basic steps, all of which are conducted online:

• Step 1: The Editorial Board receives manuscripts submitted online via the journal’s website. The manuscript is then checked for format and compliance with submission guidelines. An email notification is sent to the author regarding acceptance or rejection of the submission (with stated reasons).
• Step 2: Manuscripts that meet the requirements in Step 1 will receive an email confirming acceptance for further processing, along with a request for the submission fee. After the fee is paid, the Editorial Board forwards the manuscript to the Editor-in-Chief (or Head of the Editorial Board) to invite two reviewers for the paper.
• Step 3: The Editorial Board sends reviewers an email containing access information to the manuscript and the review deadline.
• Step 4: The Editorial Board receives reviewers’ comments and forwards them to the author for revision. The author may revise the manuscript according to reviewers’ comments or provide a rebuttal/justification for any disagreements. This process may be repeated multiple times until both reviewers reach agreement.
• Step 5: Once the peer-review process is completed, the Editorial Board conducts a plagiarism check and submits the results to the Editor-in-Chief for consideration. If approved, the process proceeds to Step 6; otherwise, a rejection notice with specific reasons will be sent to the author.
• Step 6. Language editing is conducted: for Vietnamese manuscripts, the title and abstract are checked in English; for English manuscripts, the entire paper is reviewed.
• Step 7: The Editorial Board performs formatting and copyediting of the manuscript. During this stage, the Board may contact the author to revise figures, tables, and formatting (if necessary), before submitting the final version to the Editor-in-Chief for decision.
• Step 8: Manuscripts approved for publication by the Editor-in-Chief are uploaded to the journal’s website as “accepted articles” pending publication. Before printing and official publication, the Editorial Board sends the final content to the author for a last check and confirmation.
• Step 9: A DOI is assigned to each article, and the paper is officially published.